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The Dangers of Exposure to Asbestos

Asbestos was used in a variety of commercial products before it was banned. Research shows that exposure to asbestos can cause cancer and other health problems.

It is impossible to determine if a product has asbestos just by looking at it and you can't taste or smell it. It is only discovered when materials containing asbestos are chipped, drilled or broken.

Chrysotile

At its peak, chrysotile made up for 95% of the asbestos created. It was widely used in industries including construction insulation, fireproofing, and construction. If workers were exposed to this toxic material, they could contract mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases. Since the 1960s, when mesothelioma began to become a problem, the use of asbestos has been drastically reduced. It is still found in a variety of products we use in the present.

Chrysotile can be used safely in the event that a thorough safety and handling plan is in place. It has been proven that at the present exposure levels, there is no undue risk to the workers handling the substance. Lung cancer, lung fibrosis and mesothelioma have all been found to be strongly linked to breathing airborne respirable fibres. This has been proven both in terms of intensity (dose) as in the time of exposure.

One study that looked into a facility that used nearly all chrysotile as its friction materials compared the mortality rates of this factory with national death rates. It was discovered that, over the course of 40 years, processing asbestos chrysotile at a low level of exposure there was no significant additional mortality in this factory.

Contrary to other types of asbestos, chrysotile fibers tend to be smaller. They can pass through the lungs, and then pass through the bloodstream. This makes them much more likely to cause health effects than fibrils with a longer length.

It is very difficult for chrysotile fibres be airborne or pose any health risk when mixed with cement. Fibre cement products are extensively used across the globe particularly in buildings like hospitals and schools.

Research has proven that amphibole asbestos like amosite, crocidolite, or crocidolite, is less likely than chrysotile to cause disease. Amphibole types like these are the primary cause of mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases. When chrysotile and cement are mixed and cured, a tough and flexible product is created that can withstand extreme environmental hazards and weather conditions. It is also very easy to clean up after use. Professionals can safely remove asbestos fibres once they have been removed.

Amosite

Asbestos refers to a group of silicate fibrous minerals which are found naturally in a variety of kinds of rock formations. It is divided into six groups: amphibole (serpentine), tremolite (tremolite), anthophyllite (crocidolite) and anthophyllite.

Asbestos minerals are made up of long, thin fibres that vary in length from extremely fine to broad and straight to curled. These fibres are found in nature in the form of individual fibrils or bundles with splaying edges called a fibril matrix. Asbestos minerals can be found in powder form (talc) or mixed with other minerals and sold as talcum powder and vermiculite, which have been widely used in consumer products like baby powder, face powder and cosmetics.

The heaviest asbestos use was during the first two-thirds of the twentieth century where it was used in shipbuilding, insulation, fireproofing, and other construction materials. The majority of occupational exposures were asbestos fibres borne by air, but certain workers were exposed to contaminated vermiculite or talc and to pieces of asbestos-bearing rock (ATSDR, 2001). Exposures varied by industry, time and geographical location.

Exposure to asbestos at work is mostly caused by inhalation. However there have been instances of workers being exposed through contact with skin or through eating foods contaminated with asbestos. Asbestos can be found in the natural environment due to natural weathering and degrading of contaminated materials, such as ceiling and floor tiles, car brakes and clutches as well as insulation.

It is becoming increasingly apparent that non-commercial amphibole fibers can also be carcinogenic. These are fibres that do not have the tight weaved fibrils of amphibole and serpentine minerals but instead are loose, flexible and needle-like. These fibers are found in the cliffs and mountains in a variety of countries.

Asbestos enters the environment mainly in the form of airborne particles, however it can also leach into soil and water. This happens both through natural (weathering and erosion of asbestos-bearing rocks) and the anthropogenic (disintegration and disposal of asbestos-containing wastes in landfill sites) sources. Asbestos contamination in ground and surface waters is primarily caused through natural weathering. However, it has also been caused by anthropogeny, such as through milling and mining of asbestos-containing materials demolition and dispersal and the disposal of contaminated dumping material in landfills (ATSDR 2001). Inhalation exposure to asbestos fibres remains the main cause of illness in people exposed to it occupationally.

Crocidolite

Inhalation exposure is the most commonly used method of exposure to asbestos fibres. These fibres can infiltrate the lungs, causing serious health problems. Mesothelioma, asbestosis, and other diseases are all caused by asbestos fibres. Exposure to asbestos fibres can occur in other ways as well, for example, contact with contaminated clothing or construction materials. The dangers of this kind of exposure are heightened when crocidolite which is the asbestos in the blue form, is involved. Crocidolite fibers are smaller and more fragile, making them easier to inhale. They can also get deeper in lung tissues. It has been linked to a larger number of mesothelioma-related cases than any other form of asbestos.

The six main types are chrysotile, amosite and chrysotile. The most commonly used forms of asbestos are chrysotile and epoxiemite, which together comprise the majority of commercial asbestos used. The other four types of asbestos haven't been as widely utilized but they can be present in older buildings. They are not as dangerous as amosite or chrysotile, but they can still be a risk when mixed with other minerals or when mined close to other mineral deposits, such as vermiculite and talc.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the connection between stomach cancer and asbestos exposure. The evidence is not conclusive. Some researchers have cited a SMR (standardized death ratio) of 1.5 (95% confidence interval: 0.7-3.6), for all asbestos workers, while others report an SMR of 1,24 (95% confidence interval: 0.76-2.5), for those working in chrysotile mines or chrysotile mills.

IARC The IARC, also known as the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified all types of asbestos as carcinogenic. All forms of asbestos could cause mesothelioma as well as other health issues, but the risks vary according to the amount of exposure that people are exposed to, the kind of asbestos involved as well as the duration of exposure and the manner in the way it is inhaled or ingested. The IARC has recommended that the prevention of all asbestos types is the best option because this is the safest option for individuals. If you have been exposed to asbestos and are suffering from respiratory issues or mesothelioma then you should see your physician or NHS111.

Amphibole

Amphibole is a group of minerals that form long prisms or needlelike crystals. They are a type of inosilicate mineral that is composed of double chains of SiO4 molecules. They are a monoclinic system of crystals, however some have an orthorhombic structure. The general formula of an amphibole is A0-1B2C5T8O22(OH,F)2. The double chains are composed of (Si,Al)O4 tetrahedrons that are linked in rings of six. The tetrahedrons can be separated by strips of octahedral sites.

Amphiboles can be found in both igneous and metamorphic rock. They are usually dark and hard. They can be difficult to differentiate from pyroxenes because they have similar hardness and color. They also share a corresponding cleavage pattern. However, their chemistry allows for the use of a variety of compositions. The chemical compositions and crystal structures of the different mineral groups found in amphibole may be used to identify them.

Amphibole asbestos case comprises chrysotile and the five types of asbestos amosite, anthophyllite (crocidolite), amosite (actinolite) and amosite. While the most commonly used form of asbestos is chrysotile each type has its own distinct characteristics. The most dangerous form of asbestos, crocidolite, is made up of sharp fibers that are simple to breathe into the lung. Anthophyllite can range from yellow to brown in color and is made up of magnesium and iron. This variety was used to make cement and insulation materials.

Amphiboles can be difficult to study due to their complicated chemical structure and numerous substitutions. Therefore, a detailed analysis of their composition requires special methods. EDS, WDS and XRD are the most popular methods of identifying amphiboles. These methods are only able to provide approximate identifications. For instance, they are unable to distinguish between magnesio-hastingsite from magnesio-hornblende. These techniques also do not distinguish between ferro-hornblende as well as pargasite.