Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so more than men do today, and why have these advantages gotten bigger over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to reach an informed conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we do not know how significant the impact of each factor is.

We know that women live longer than men, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور regardless of weight. However it is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in every country can expect to live longer than her brother.

It is interesting to note that although the female advantage exists in all countries, global differences are significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a calendar year.

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In wealthy countries, the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's examine how the female advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancies at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is increasing: While the female advantage in life expectancy was extremely small, it has increased substantially with time.

You can check if these principles are also applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.