Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men in the present and العاب زوجية why has this advantage increased over time? The evidence is limited and we're only able to provide partial solutions. We know that behavioral, العاب زوجية biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; However, we're not sure what the contribution to each of these variables is.

We know that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. However this isn't because of certain non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line - which means that in every country that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart shows that, while there is a female advantage everywhere, cross-country differences can be significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is only half a year.

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In the richer countries, the longevity advantage for women used to be smaller
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart shows the male and female lifespans at birth in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was very small but it has risen significantly with time.

When you click on the option "Change country from the chart, you can confirm that the two points are applicable to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.