Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? And why does this benefit increase as time passes? The evidence is limited and we have only incomplete solutions. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, we aren't sure how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

It is known that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line ; it means that in all nations a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that although the female advantage exists in all countries, global differences are significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half an hour.

__S.17__
__S.19__
The advantage for افضل شامبو وبلسم women in life expectancy was less in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
We will now examine how the female advantage in longevity has changed over time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two areas stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increase in the gap between men and افضل شامبو وبلسم women: female advantage in life expectancy used to be quite small however it increased dramatically in the past century.

You can verify that these are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.