Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present and how does this benefit increase in the past? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not sufficient to reach an unambiguous conclusion. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological as well as environmental factors which play a significant role in women who live longer than men, we do not know how much each factor كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام contributes.

It is known that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. However this isn't due to the fact that certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line - this means in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live for longer than a new boy.1

It is interesting to note that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan, the difference is less that half a year.

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The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in the richer countries than it is today.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two aspects stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام men in America have longer lives than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was very small It has significantly increased in the past.

You can check if these are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.