Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live more than men do today and how does this benefit increase over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach an absolute conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral, and environmental factors that play an integral role in women who live longer than men, we don't know the extent to which each factor ابر التخسيس plays a role.

We are aware that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from any country can be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

This chart shows that, even though women enjoy an advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be significant. In Russia women have a longer life span than males; while in Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the women's advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let's now look at the way that female advantages in terms of longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies at birth in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, ابر التخسيس there is an upward trend: Men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once very small however, it has grown significantly with time.

Using the option 'Change country from the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points also apply to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.