Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And why is this difference growing as time passes? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make a definitive conclusion. We know there are behavioral, biological as well as environmental factors which all play a part in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear how much each factor contributes.

Independently of the exact amount, we can say that a large portion of the reason why women live longer than men, but not in the past, is to have to do with the fact that some key non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line - this means that in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that while the female advantage exists everywhere, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half each year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was smaller in countries with higher incomes than it is now.
Let's look at the way that female advantages in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the life expectancy of males and females at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was extremely small but it has risen significantly over time.

You can confirm that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.