Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? And why the advantage has grown in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an informed conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors that all play a role in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of the amount, we can say that at least part of the reason women live longer than men do today but not previously, has to do with the fact that several fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and اضيق وضعية للجماع (Suggested Reading) women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - which means that in every country baby girls can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart below shows that although there is a women's advantage everywhere, cross-country differences could be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, while in Bhutan the difference is less than half an hour.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in rich countries that it is today.
We will now examine how the gender advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the birth in the US during the period 1790 until 2014. Two specific points stand اضيق وضعية للجماع out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was extremely small It has significantly increased in the past.

You can check if the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.