Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present, and علامات الحمل بولد why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? There isn't much evidence and we only have limited answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we do not know what the contribution of each one of these factors is.

We are aware that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. But this is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from every country could anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

It is interesting to note that the advantage of women exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the difference is just half one year.

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The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in the richer countries than it is now.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart shows the male and female lifespans at birth in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend: Men and women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small but it increased substantially over the course of the last century.

If you select the option "Change country from the chart, you can confirm that the two points are also applicable to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.