Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women have a longer life span than men? Why has this advantage gotten larger in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and we have only partial solutions. We know there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables that all play a role in women who live longer than males, we aren't sure how much each factor contributes.

In spite of the number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, افضل شامبو وبلسم the reason why women live so much longer than men today but not previously, has to relate to the fact that several significant non-biological elements have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; this means in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

It is interesting to note that although the female advantage exists in all countries, cross-country differences are large. In Russia, women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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In rich countries the female advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies at the birth in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two things stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. and women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used to be quite small however, it has increased significantly in the past century.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.