Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women have a longer life span than men? And how has this advantage gotten larger in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we aren't sure how much the influence of each of these factors is.

In spite of the weight, we know that at least part of the reason women live longer than men in the present, but not previously, is to be due to the fact that several fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, افضل كريم للشعر there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line , it means that in all nations a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart shows that, even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, افضل كريم للشعر the differences across countries could be significant. In Russia women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of only half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was smaller in countries with higher incomes that it is today.
We will now examine the way that female advantages in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the life expectancy of males and females at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very small however it increased dramatically over the last century.

If you select the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you are able to determine if these two points also apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.