Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? Why the advantage has grown in the past? The evidence is sketchy and we only have some answers. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, but we don't know exactly how strong the relative contribution to each of these variables is.

In spite of how much amount, we can say that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men and not in the past, has to have to do with the fact that certain fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her brother.

The chart above shows that, افضل كريم للشعر while the advantage for women exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.

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The advantage for women in terms of life expectancy was lower in developed countries than it is today.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two points stand افضل كريم للشعر out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in the US are living much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be quite small It has significantly increased over time.

By selecting 'Change Country in the chart, you will be able to determine if these two points apply to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.