Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so more than men do today and how have these advantages gotten bigger over time? There isn't much evidence and we're only able to provide limited solutions. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors that play an integral role in women who live longer than males, it isn't clear the extent to which each factor plays a role.

In spite of the weight, we know that at least part of the reason women live so much longer than men, but not previously, has to be due to the fact that several fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for تحاميل مهبلية (glorynote.com) survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - it means that in all nations that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a newborn boy.1

It is interesting to note that the advantage of women exists in all countries, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the gap is less than half a year.

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In rich countries the women's advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let's look at how the female advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart plots the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was very small It has significantly increased with time.

When you click on the option "Change country from the chart, you are able to verify that these two points also apply to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.