Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women are more likely to live longer than men? And how does this benefit increase in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological, and environmental factors which play a significant role in the longevity of women over males, it isn't clear what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason why women live so much longer than men today but not in the past, زيوت تطويل الشعر has to be due to the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.

This chart illustrates that, while there is a female advantage in all countries, the differences across countries could be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than males; while in Bhutan the gap is less than half one year.

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In countries with high incomes, the advantage of women in longevity used to be smaller
Let's look at the way that female advantages in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies at birth in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US live much, زيوت تطويل الشعر much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be extremely small It has significantly increased with time.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.