Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live more than men do today and how is this difference growing in the past? The evidence is sketchy and we're only able to provide limited answers. We know there are biological, behavioral, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور and environmental factors that all play a role in women who live longer than men, we don't know what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of the amount, we can say that a large portion of the reason women live longer than men do today, but not previously, is to have to do with the fact that a number of fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - this means in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart above shows that while the female advantage is present everywhere, cross-country differences are large. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a calendar year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
The female advantage in life expectancy was much lower in rich countries than it is now.
Let's examine how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women in America have longer lives than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be tiny but it has risen significantly with time.

If you select the option "Change country from the chart, check that these two points are also applicable to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.