Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women have a longer life span than men? What is the reason the advantage has grown as time passes? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. We know that biological, زيوت تطويل الشعر behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we aren't sure how strong the relative contribution of each one of these factors is.

In spite of the weight, we know that a large portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men and not in the past, is to have to do with the fact that certain important non-biological aspects have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and زيوت تطويل الشعر women. It is clear that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from every country could be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

It is interesting to note that while the female advantage exists everywhere, the global differences are significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the difference is less than half each year.

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The female advantage in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries as compared to the present.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was quite small, it has increased substantially in the past.

You can confirm that these are applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.