Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and how have these advantages gotten bigger over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; however, we do not know what the contribution of each factor is.

In spite of how much weight, we know that at least part of the reason women live longer than men in the present, but not previously, has to be due to the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and علامات الحمل بولد women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her brother.

This graph shows that although there is a women's advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half an hour.

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The advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was lower in the richer countries than it is now.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the male and علامات الحمل بولد female life expectancies when they were born in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both genders in America have longer lives than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be quite small It has significantly increased in the past.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.