Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? And how has this advantage gotten larger as time passes? There isn't much evidence and we have only limited solutions. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological, and environmental factors that all play a role in women's longevity more than men, we don't know how much each factor contributes.

In spite of how much amount, we can say that at least part of the reason women live longer than men however not as previously, is to relate to the fact that several significant non-biological elements have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

This chart shows that, صبغ الشعر بالاسود although there is a women's advantage across all countries, صبغ الشعر بالاسود differences between countries are often significant. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of just half a year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was less in rich countries than it is today.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancies at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. as well as women in the US are living much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was very small It has significantly increased in the past.

When you click on the option "Change country' on the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points are also applicable to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.