Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? Why does this benefit increase over time? The evidence is sketchy and we're only able to provide limited solutions. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women have longer life spans than men, However, we're not sure how much the influence to each of these variables is.

We have learned that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. However, this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

It is interesting to note that, while the advantage for women exists across all countries, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males; while in Bhutan the gap is less than half one year.

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The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries than it is today.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the men and زيوت تطويل الشعر [https://glorynote.com] women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. and women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used to be very modest however, it has increased significantly during the last century.

If you select the option "Change country in the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points also apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.