Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present and how does this benefit increase over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support an absolute conclusion. We know there are behavioral, biological, and environmental factors which all play a part in women who live longer than males, we aren't sure how much each one contributes.

Independently of the exact amount of weight, we are aware that a large portion of the reason women live so much longer than men do today and not previously, has to relate to the fact that a number of significant non-biological elements have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and افضل شامبو وبلسم women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line - this means in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live for افضل شامبو وبلسم longer than a newborn boy.1

This graph shows that although women have an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia, women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of only half a year.

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In the richer countries, the female advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two distinct features stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was tiny but it has risen significantly over time.

You can check if these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.