Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? Why is this difference growing as time passes? The evidence is limited and we have only limited solutions. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we do not know how much the influence of each one of these factors is.

Independently of the exact number of pounds, we know that a large portion of the reason why women live longer than men in the present but not previously, is to relate to the fact that several key non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, زيوت تطويل الشعر (page) ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for زيوت تطويل الشعر men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line , this means that in all countries baby girls can expect to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart shows that, while there is a female advantage across all countries, differences between countries are often significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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In rich countries the female advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's look at how the advantage of women in terms of longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was extremely small but it has risen significantly over time.

By selecting 'Change Country from the chart, you are able to check that these two points are applicable to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.