Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and why is this difference growing over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach an informed conclusion. We know there are biological, behavioral as well as environmental factors which all play a part in women living longer than men, we do not know how much each factor contributes.

Independently of the exact weight, we know that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men do today, اضيق وضعية للجماع but not previously, is to have to do with the fact that a number of significant non-biological elements have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, اضيق وضعية للجماع - glorynote.com - especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in every country can be expected to live for longer than her brother.

The chart below shows that even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is less that half a year.

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The advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was lower in the richer countries that it is today.
We will now examine how the female advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the time of birth in the US from 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend: Men and women in the US live much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be extremely small but it increased substantially in the past century.

You can check if these points are also applicable to other countries with data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.