Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? And how has this advantage gotten larger as time passes? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral and environmental variables that all play a role in women's longevity more than men, we do not know what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of the precise weight, we know that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men in the present however not as in the past, has to be due to the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام men and women. It is clear that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.

The chart above shows that while the female advantage exists everywhere, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan, the difference is just half a year.

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In rich countries the women's advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancies at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very small however, it has increased significantly during the last century.

Using the option 'Change country from the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points are also applicable to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.