Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present and how does this benefit increase in the past? The evidence is sketchy and we're left with only incomplete answers. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; However, we're not sure how strong the relative contribution of each of these factors is.

In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men in the present and not in the past, has to be due to the fact that some significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, افضل كريم للشعر so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for افضل كريم للشعر men and women. We can see that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from every country could be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that the advantage of women exists in all countries, global differences are significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than males; while in Bhutan the difference is just half each year.

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In rich countries the women's advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two specific points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend: Men as well as women in the US are living much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small however, it has grown significantly with time.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, determine if these two points are also applicable to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.