Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? And why the advantage has grown over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to support an informed conclusion. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological as well as environmental factors which play a significant role in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear the extent to which each factor plays a role.

In spite of how much number of pounds, we know that at least part of the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present however not as previously, has to have to do with the fact that a number of significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from any country can expect to live longer than her brothers.

The chart below shows that although there is a women's advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia, women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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In rich countries the female advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let's examine how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies when they were born in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend: زيوت تطويل الشعر Men and women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once tiny but it has risen significantly over time.

Using the option 'Change country in the chart, you are able to check that these two points are applicable to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.