Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and how have these advantages gotten bigger over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're only able to provide incomplete answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we aren't sure how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

We are aware that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. However this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line , it means that in all nations a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that the advantage of women exists across all countries, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is less that half a year.

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In the richer countries, the female advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let's look at how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there is an upward trend: Men as well as women in the US live much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the female advantage in life expectancy used to be very small It has significantly increased over time.

If you select the option "Change country in the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points also apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.