Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men and how does this benefit increase over time? There is only limited evidence and اضيق وضعية للجماع the evidence isn't sufficient to draw a definitive conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; However, we're not sure how strong the relative contribution of each one of these factors is.

In spite of the precise amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men in the present however not as in the past, is to do with the fact that a number of fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, اضيق وضعية للجماع especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal line of parity - which means that in every country a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that the advantage of women is present everywhere, global differences are significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half each year.

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In the richer countries, the female advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's now look at the way that female advantages in longevity has changed over time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancy at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend: Men as well as women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increasing gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be extremely small, but it grew substantially in the past century.

If you select the option "Change country from the chart, you can check that these two points are also applicable to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.