Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? What is the reason is this difference growing in the past? The evidence is sketchy and we only have some answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, we do not know how significant the impact of each one of these factors is.

We are aware that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. But this isn't due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from every country could expect to live longer than her brothers.

Interestingly, this chart shows that while the female advantage exists everywhere, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia, women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of less that half a year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
The advantage for women in life expectancy was much lower in countries with higher incomes than it is today.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be very small however it increased dramatically over the last century.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام (https://glorynote.com/) France, and Sweden.