Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And why has this advantage gotten larger as time passes? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make a definitive conclusion. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we do not know how much the influence of each of these factors is.

In spite of the precise weight, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live so much longer than men in the present but not previously, is to do with the fact that some significant non-biological elements have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; this means in all countries baby girls can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

It is interesting to note that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, while in Bhutan the gap is less than half each year.

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The female advantage in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries than it is now.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below shows gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at birth in the US between 1790 until 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US are living much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used to be very small however it increased dramatically during the last century.

When you click on the option "Change country from the chart, you are able to confirm that the two points apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.