Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? Why does this benefit increase in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and صبغ الشعر بالاسود - glorynote.com - we're only able to provide some answers. While we are aware that there are behavioral, biological as well as environmental factors that all play a role in women who live longer than men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

In spite of how much amount, we can say that at least a portion of the reason women live longer than men and not in the past, is to be due to the fact that several important non-biological aspects have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

This chart is interesting in that it shows that the advantage of women exists everywhere, the global differences are significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the gap is less than half a year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was less in rich countries than it is today.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be very small, it has increased substantially in the past.

You can verify that these are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, صبغ الشعر بالاسود and Sweden.