Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men, and why does this benefit increase over time? The evidence is sketchy and we're left with only partial answers. While we are aware that there are biological, behavioral, افضل شامبو وبلسم and environmental factors that play an integral role in the longevity of women over males, we aren't sure the extent to which each factor plays a role.

In spite of the amount, we can say that at a minimum, the reason women live so much longer than men in the present however not as previously, is to relate to the fact that certain important non-biological aspects have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For افضل شامبو وبلسم (glorynote.com) example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line - it means that in all nations that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a new boy.1

It is interesting to note that although the female advantage exists everywhere, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is just half a year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
The advantage for women in life expectancy was less in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancy at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two aspects stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was very small but it has risen significantly over time.

You can confirm that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.